What Stage Does Hiv Turn Into Aids

What Stage Does Hiv Turn Into Aids – HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is an infection that affects about 1.2 million people in the United States.

The infection is very difficult to treat because the virus combines its genetic information with the genetic information of a type of white blood cell called CD4 cells. HIV can continue to replicate without treatment, generating more than 10 billion new virus particles per day.

What Stage Does Hiv Turn Into Aids

The reproductive cycle or life cycle of HIV can be divided into seven stages. Drugs that treat HIV interrupt one of the seven stages of the HIV life cycle.

Why The Hiv Epidemic Is Not Over

In an actively infected cell, the entire life cycle lasts only 1 or 2 days. But some cells can be latently infected, meaning that HIV can be present in them for years without producing new virus particles. At any moment these cells can be activated and start producing viruses.

In this article, we detail what happens in each of the seven stages of the HIV life cycle and how drugs interrupt these processes.

In the first stage of the HIV life cycle, the virus binds to receptors on the surface of CD4 cells. CD4 cells, also called helper T cells, are a type of white blood cell that warn other immune cells that there is an infection in your body.

HIV is an enveloped virus, which means that its genetic information is protected by a protein coat and a lipid layer called the envelope.

Hiv 1 And Human Genetic Variation

When HIV binds to receptors on CD4 cells, it begins attaching its envelope to the CD4 cell membrane with a glycoprotein called

Reverse transcription is a process of converting genetic information in the form of RNA to DNA. RNA and DNA contain similar genetic information but are structurally different. RNA usually consists of a long chain of genetic information, while DNA consists of a double strand.

The virus turns its RNA into DNA by releasing an enzyme called reverse transcriptase. This process allows the genetic information of the virus to enter the nucleus of the CD4 cell.

When HIV turns its RNA into DNA, it then releases another enzyme called integrase into the nucleus of the CD4 cell. The virus uses this enzyme to combine its own DNA with the DNA of the CD4 cell.

Hiv Signs And Symptoms In Women

At this time, the infection is still considered latent and difficult to detect even with sensitive laboratory tests.

Because HIV has now integrated into the DNA of your CD4 cell, it can use this cell’s machinery to make viral proteins. During this time, it can also produce more of its own genetic material (RNA). These two things allow the creation of more viral particles.

In the assembly phase, the new HIV proteins and RNA are transported to the periphery of the CD4 cell and become immature HIV. These viruses are non-infectious in their current form.

During the budding phase, immature viruses are released from CD4 cells. They then release an enzyme called a protease that changes the proteins in the virus and creates a mature, infectious version.

Timeline Of Hiv Symptoms

The main goals of antiretroviral therapy are to prevent HIV from replicating and to suppress the viral load to a point where it is no longer detectable.

Antiretroviral drugs are divided into seven drug classes based on which part of the HIV life cycle they interrupt. At least two different classes of drugs are used during antiretroviral therapy. Each medication usually contains two or three of the drugs.

CCR5 antagonists block the CCR5 receptor on the surface of CD4 cells to interrupt the binding phase. CCR5 is the main coreceptor used by the glycoprotein GP120 on the surface of HIV to enter your cells.

Post-adhesion inhibitors bind to receptors on CD4 cells. This activity blocks the binding of HIV to two types of co-receptors called CCR5 and CXCR4 and prevents the virus from entering CD4 cells during the binding step.

The Four Stages Of Hiv Explained

Fusion inhibitors block the ability of the HIV envelope to attach to the membrane of a CD4 cell. This action prevents the virus from entering your cells.

NRTIs block HIV from using the reverse transcriptase enzyme to replicate. Reverse transcriptase allows the virus to convert its RNA into DNA in the reverse transcription phase of its life cycle. The drug prevents the virus from copying its RNA and DNA correctly.

NNRTIs disable a key protein that HIV uses to replicate. They work in a similar way to NRTIs, stopping the virus from replicating.

Integration strand transfer inhibitors block the integrase enzyme that HIV uses to combine reverse-transcribed DNA with your own cell’s DNA during the integration step.

Hiv Symptoms In Women: What Are The Early And Later Symptoms Of Aids In Women

Protease inhibitors block the protease enzyme during the budding phase. Protease is an enzyme that allows immature HIV to become mature viruses that can infect other CD4 cells.

Antiretroviral therapy includes drugs from at least two types of drug classes. Each class of drugs prevents the virus from replicating by inhibiting a specific part of the HIV life cycle.

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Our experts constantly monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available. Medically reviewed by Daniel Murrell, M.D. – By Rachel Nall, MSN, CRNA – Updated April 24, 2020

Understanding A Positive Result

HIV attacks a certain type of immune system cell in the body. It’s known as a CD4 helper cell or T cell. When HIV destroys this cell, it becomes harder for the body to fight other infections.

If HIV is not treated, even a minor infection, such as a cold, can be much more serious. This is because the body has difficulty responding to new infections.

HIV not only attacks CD4 cells, but also uses the cells to make more viruses. HIV destroys CD4 cells by using their replication machinery to make new copies of the virus. This eventually leads to swelling and bursting of the CD4 cells.

When the virus has destroyed a certain number of CD4 cells and the CD4 count falls below 200, a person has progressed to AIDS.

Who Clinical Staging Of Hiv/aids

However, it is important to note that advances in HIV treatment have made it possible for many people with HIV to live longer and healthier lives.

HIV is transmitted through contact with the following body fluids, from most to least likely to transmit HIV:

Sex without a condom and sharing needles – even tattoo or piercing needles – can lead to HIV transmission. However, if an HIV-positive person is able to achieve viral suppression, they cannot transmit HIV to others through sexual contact.

, a person has achieved viral suppression when there are fewer than 200 copies of HIV RNA per milliliter of blood.

Solution: Causes Of Aids

HIV does not always multiply quickly. If left untreated, it can take years for a person’s immune system to be damaged enough to show signs of immune dysfunction and other infections. See a timeline of HIV symptoms.

Even without symptoms, HIV can still be present in the body and can be transmitted. Getting the right treatment that leads to viral suppression stops the progression of immune dysfunction and AIDS. Proper treatment also helps to recover a damaged immune system.

Symptoms of acute infection may appear days to weeks after the virus is ingested. During this time, the virus multiplies rapidly in the body, uncontrolled.

Flu symptoms are due to the increased number of HIV copies and the infection spreading throughout the body. During this time, the amount of CD4 cells begins to decrease very quickly. The immune system then kicks in, causing CD4 levels to rise again. However, CD4 levels may not return to their pre-HIV levels.

Can Aids Be Cured?

In addition to causing symptoms, the acute phase is when people with HIV are most likely to spread the virus to others. This is because HIV levels are very high at this time. The acute phase usually lasts from several weeks to months.

The chronic phase of HIV is known as the latent or asymptomatic stage. In this stage, a person usually does not have as many symptoms as in the acute stage. This is because the virus does not multiply as quickly.

However, a person can still transmit HIV if the virus is left untreated and continues to have a detectable viral load. Without treatment, chronic HIV can last for many years before progressing to AIDS.

Advances in antiretroviral treatments have significantly improved the outlook for people with HIV. With the right treatment, many people who are HIV positive can achieve suppression of the virus and live long, healthy lives. Learn more about HIV and life expectancy.

What We Can Learn From Hiv To Help End This Pandemic

A normal CD4 count ranges from about 500 to 1,600 cells per cubic millimeter of blood (cells/mm3) in healthy adults, according to HIV.gov.

A person may also receive an AIDS diagnosis if they have had an opportunistic infection or other AIDS-defining condition.

People with AIDS are vulnerable to opportunistic infections and common infections including tuberculosis, toxoplasmosis and pneumonia.

People with weakened immune systems are also more prone to certain types of cancer, such as lymphoma and cervical cancer.

What Is Hiv? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, And Prevention

The most important factor affecting HIV

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